Optimization of environmental remediation of heavy metals: kinetics and thermodynamic modeling

Emmanuel Agboeze; Okoro Ogbobe

The kinetics and thermodynamics of biodegradable adsorbents prepared with kola nut testa were evaluated to remove Cu2⁺ and Pb2⁺ ions from an aqueous solution in the batch procedure. Results showed that the percentage removal of Pb2⁺was 89.982% for C-KNTR and 90.909% for Ch-KNTR while Cu2⁺ was 86.782% for C-KNTR and 83.973% for Ch-KNTR, respectively. Metal ion removal decreased with an increase in a concentration above 10 mg. Freundlich isotherm best described the uptake of metal ions with the new adsorbents.Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q_max) was (68.144 for C-KNTR-Pb2+, 59.09 for C-KNTR-Cu2⁺and 50.247 for Ch-KNTR-Pb2⁺, 65.186 Ch-KNTR-Cu2⁺) mg/g, respectively. Pseudo second order with (R2 ? 0.995-0.999) best described the kinetics, while Alovich, Avrami and Weber-Morris models suggest that multiple mechanisms were involved in the adsorption process. Negative values for ?G^o and positive values of ?H o indicate spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. In contrast, the positive value of ? S^? indicates an increase in disorderliness at the solid-liquid interface during adsorption. Physisorption predominated in all the studied processes; hence, desorption efficiency examined follows the order H₂O > HCl > CH₃COOH.


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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JIAR</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of innovation in applied research</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Innovation in Applied Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of innovation in applied research</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">66</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51323/JIAR.5.1.2022.01-12</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Environmental Biotechnology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Optimization of environmental remediation of heavy metals: kinetics and thermodynamic modeling&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Agboeze</surname>
            <given-names>Emmanuel</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ogbobe</surname>
            <given-names>Okoro</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue/>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>12</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The kinetics and thermodynamics of biodegradable adsorbents prepared with kola nut testa were evaluated to remove Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution in the batch procedure. Results showed that the percentage removal of Pb2+was 89.982% for C-KNTR and 90.909% for Ch-KNTR while Cu2+ was 86.782% for C-KNTR and 83.973% for Ch-KNTR, respectively. Metal ion removal decreased with an increase in a concentration above 10 mg. Freundlich isotherm best described the uptake of metal ions with the new adsorbents.Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) was (68.144 for C-KNTR-Pb2+, 59.09 for C-KNTR-Cu2+and 50.247 for Ch-KNTR-Pb2+, 65.186 Ch-KNTR-Cu2+) mg/g, respectively. Pseudo second order with (R2 ? 0.995-0.999) best described the kinetics, while Alovich, Avrami and Weber-Morris models suggest that multiple mechanisms were involved in the adsorption process. Negative values for ?Go and positive values of ?H o indicate spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. In contrast, the positive value of ? S? indicates an increase in disorderliness at the solid-liquid interface during adsorption. Physisorption predominated in all the studied processes; hence, desorption efficiency examined follows the order H2O &gt; HCl &gt; CH3COOH.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd> Adsorption Kinetics</kwd>
        <kwd>Desorption</kwd>
        <kwd>Isotherms</kwd>
        <kwd> Ion Exchange Resin</kwd>
        <kwd> kola-nut testa</kwd>
        <kwd> Physisorption</kwd>
        <kwd>Thermodynamics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>

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Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria