Biochemical and physiological tolerance evaluation of the oil-yielding paradise tree (Simarouba amara Aubl.) under salt stress

Amit K Das; Amit Kumar Rai; Kaushal Bhargava and Jatin Kumar

Simarouba amara Aubl., a native of tropical regions of South and Central America was introduced in India for wasteland reclamation purposes. Present study was conducted to evaluate its ability to grow under salt stress conditions. S. amara seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of sodium chloride (50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, and 200 mM). Morphologically, at higher salt concentrations (150 and 200 mM NaCl), S. amara seedlings showed symptoms of leaf chlorosis, wilting, and drooping. A significant reduction in leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and increase in lipid peroxidation was observed under high salt stress conditions. Under salt stress, levels of both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants increased majorly. At 200 mM NaCl, proline and cysteine content increased by 116% and 166% respectively. Among antioxidant enzymes, maximum increase in activity was observed in glutathione reductase (320%) followed by superoxide dismutase (129%), ascorbate peroxidase (80%), guaiacol peroxidase (80%) and catalase (59%) at 200 mM NaCl. A significant increase in the activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants reveals that S. amara has better defensive mechanism against salt stress, but up to 100 mM concentration. At 150 and 200 mM NaCl, salt toxicity hampered growth of the plants.


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      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JIAR</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of innovation in applied research</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Innovation in Applied Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of innovation in applied research</abbrev-journal-title>
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      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51323/JIAR.5.1.2022.39-51</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Plant Biotechnology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Biochemical and physiological tolerance evaluation of the oil-yielding paradise tree (Simarouba amara Aubl.) under salt stress&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Das</surname>
            <given-names>Amit K</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rai</surname>
            <given-names>Amit Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kumar</surname>
            <given-names>Kaushal Bhargava and Jatin</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>1</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>1970</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue/>
      <fpage>39</fpage>
      <lpage>51</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Simarouba amara Aubl., a native of tropical regions of South and Central America was introduced in India for wasteland reclamation purposes. Present study was conducted to evaluate its ability to grow under salt stress conditions. S. amara seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of sodium chloride (50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, and 200 mM). Morphologically, at higher salt concentrations (150 and 200 mM NaCl), S. amara seedlings showed symptoms of leaf chlorosis, wilting, and drooping. A significant reduction in leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and increase in lipid peroxidation was observed under high salt stress conditions. Under salt stress, levels of both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants increased majorly. At 200 mM NaCl, proline and cysteine content increased by 116% and 166% respectively. Among antioxidant enzymes, maximum increase in activity was observed in glutathione reductase (320%) followed by superoxide dismutase (129%), ascorbate peroxidase (80%), guaiacol peroxidase (80%) and catalase (59%) at 200 mM NaCl. A significant increase in the activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants reveals that S. amara has better defensive mechanism against salt stress, but up to 100 mM concentration. At 150 and 200 mM NaCl, salt toxicity hampered growth of the plants.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Simarouba amara</kwd>
        <kwd> antioxidants</kwd>
        <kwd> lipid peroxidation</kwd>
        <kwd> salt stress</kwd>
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    </article-meta>
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Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India