Introduction

Phyllanthus emblica is a medicinally important fruit crop species. It is one of the important plant variety of the family Phyllanthaceae (earlier, Euphorbiaceae) and widely distributed in South Eastern Asia (Dassanayake & Fosberg, 1988). All parts of the tree are utilized in indigenous medicine, yet drupe plays the central role as a remedy to a number of ailments (Krishnaveni & Mirunalini, 2011). P. emblica has a high economic value because of its medicinal and nutritive richness. Therefore, it is used to produce cosmetics, commercial beverages, confectionaries and medicinally important value-added products. Fruit itself has a high demand as fresh fruit in the market. Thus, the mature drupe size and the bitterness of P. emblica are the most important traits for commercial exploitation. In present day period where there is a lift in 'worldwide natural market', P. emblica has a high potential as a money crop in Sri Lanka. In India alone 10,000 tons of P. emblica drupes are industrially used per annum (Sharma, 2008).

Traditional system of therapeutics and medicine is a valuable asset for any country as it plays a vital role in sustainable development of society. There is little documentation of conventional information on natural medication in classified frameworks like Ayurveda, around 1500 plant species are known yet in society custom in excess of 4500 species are utilized. The solid connection among people and nature can gives probability of finding new uses for restorative plants and to find new home-grown medications. Restorative plants accordingly have significant commitment in the essential medical services practices of ancestral networks. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 80% of the world’s population in developing countries depends on locally available plant resources for their primary healthcare, since western pharmaceuticals are often expensive (Arora, 1997).

The main objective of the research work was to analyze the phytochemical profile of Amala leaf.

Materials and Methods

Sampling Sites & Sample Collection

The plant material was selected from different localities of Vindhya region and identified on the basis of morphometric parameters (Table 1). Various considerations involved in the plant selection especially for its chemoprofilling activity. Leaves of Phyllanthus emblica were subjected for extract preparation in by using Soxhlet Extraction method, where Methanolic solvent system is used. Phytochemical Screening of Sample

The Methanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica leaves were subjected for phyto-chemical profiling to confirm the presence of different bioactive components i.e., Carbohydrate, Alkaloid, Saponins, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids and Steroids, Tannin and Phenolic Compounds, Glycoside etc. via performing specific qualitative test as methods suggested by (Trease, 1989).

Results and Discussion

Five individual populations of Phyllanthus emblica were collected from different areas of Vindhya region. Phytochemical screening of leaves of Phyllanthus emblica was done to confirm the presence or absence of various bioactive constituents using standard tests (Kokate, Purohit, & Gokhale, 2004). The results of qualitative phytochemical analysis of the species of the Phyllanthus emblica are shown in Table 2. The leaves sample of species S1 shows the presence of saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins and amino acids, but absences of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds and some carbohydrates. The leaves sample of species S2 shows the presence of Tannin, Phenolic compounds flavonoids, proteins and amino acids; but absences of glycosides, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids and some carbohydrates, alkaloids. The leaves sample of species S3 shows the presence of carbohydrates, glycoside, saponins, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids. The leaves sample of species S4 shows the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and some proteins. The leaves sample of species S5 shows the presence of glycosides, saponins, steroids, alkaloids and carbohydrates, as protein and amino acids are present. Medicinal plants are the source of numerous chemical compounds which are synthesized endogenously by plants. Phytochemical analysis is an important tool to recognize the presence of bioactive constituents. The Phytochemical investigation produced useful knowledge regarding the different bioactive constituents present in the extracts, which allows the potential investigations on the selection of the specific extract for the usage and isolation of the active principle compound (Mishra, Mukerjee, & Vijayakumar, 2010). Similarly, (Laulloo, Bhowon, & Chua, 2018) reported the presence of phenols, flavonoids, non-flavonoid, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and phytosterols in various extracts of dried fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla). Also, (Gaire & Subedi, 2014) proved that P. emblica contains phytochemicals compounds i.e., fixed oils, phosphatides, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, essential oils, tannins, glycosides, etc. They also reported pharmaceutical potential of P. emblica as it has antimicrobial, analgesic and antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, adaptogenic, antitumor and antiulcerogenic activities.

CONCLUSION

From the above studies we concluded that, the leaves extract of Phyllanthus emblica contains broad range of pharmacologically active compound classes namely alkaloid, glycoside, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, resins and reducing sugars. This data can be employed for the detailed pharmacological and nutritional evaluation of Phyllanthus emblica leaves for its application in human and veterinary health care settings.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. TRS College for Excellence Rewa, for providing necessary laboratory facilities. We are also very thankful to Management and Authorities of AKS University, Satna, India for their valuable guidance and support.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The author declares no conflict of interest.